Once fertilized, the flower is drawn below the soil through a tunnel. Studies on bambara groundnut flour performance in okpa. Vocabulary 1 n i i you singular a he or she an we aw you plural u they s. The bambara groundnut is a fast growing plant, which requires warm temperatures and does not tolerate freezing temperatures during the growing season. A growth period of 110 to 150 days is required for the crop to develop.
Research findings indicate that the crop has great nutritional and agronomic potential, but it remains scientifically neglected. The seeds were carefully cleaned and freed of foreign materials and the seeds were ground to pass a 0. Of particular importance to africa, the peanut there mostly known as groundnut contributes substantial nutrition to roughly threedozen nations encompassing two vast belts, one stretching from senegal to the central african republic and the other from sudan to south africa. The potential of bambara groundnut vigna subterranea. Muofhe 72 pests and diseases of bambara groundnut in zimbabwe y. Breeding in bambara groundnut vigna subterranea verdc.
In recent centuries the onceobscure peanut has expanded so dramatically as to become one of the worlds top crops. The study was conducted on an experimental plot at the university of aboboadjame. Bambara nut, bambara bean, congo goober, earth pea, ground bean, or hogpeanut is a member of the family fabaceae. Evaluation of bambara groundnut vigna subterranea for yield. Bambara groundnut is an underutilized african legume which provides security for many farmers as it shows considerable drought resistance. View bambara groundnut research papers on academia. A survey of the bambara groundnut scale of production, processing and storage methods as well as the uses of the crop in north eastern nigeria, was carried out. This legume is a small plant that grows to a height of. Cooks use pulverized groundnuts as a thickener, in much the same way that middle eastern cooks use almonds and italian cooks use walnuts or. Vigna subterranea ripens its pods underground, much like the peanut also. Some nutritional attributes of bambara groundnut as.
Results indicated that most bambara groundnut farmers were literate 99. Biscuits prepared without bambara groundnut flour were kept as control. Structure, composition and functional properties of storage proteins extracted from bambara groundnut vigna subterranea landraces. Haque department of agricultural engineering university of maiduguri, maiduguri, nigeria. Africa, voandzou, nzama malawi, indhlubu and underground bean. It is popular among subsistence farmers in subsaharan african.
Diversity of opinion exists among the different tribes as to who first brought bambara to the southern part of africa. Origin and ecology of bambara groundnut vigna subterranea. The crop trust supported the institut national des recherches agricoles du benin inrab to regenerate four bambara groundnut accessions with the objective of rescuing threatened diversity and enhancing use of these crop. A gridded mean monthly climate dataset at a resolution of 50 km x 50 km for.
Nutritional values and health benefits of bambara groundnut. Bambara groundnut soil metagenomics data sciencedirect. Materials and methods materials bambara groundnut seeds were purchased from algenina market, western states, sudan. Characterization of bambara groundnut landraces and their evaluation by farmers in the upper west region of ghana huudu bampuori abu1 and samuel saaka leduah buah2 i regional agricultural development unit, ministry of food and agriculture mofa, p.
The bambara groundnut has become less important in many parts of africa because of the expansion of groundnut production. This is pure bambara nut flour with no additives whatsoever. Germination of bambara groundnut is hypogeal as the cotyledon remain on the ground. This plant is native to south america and has never been found uncultivated. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Africa from brazil and may have r eplaced bambara groundnut, because seeds of groundnut contain signi. The objectives were to study the optimum hydro priming duration that will increase dry matter production and seed yield in bambara groundnut landrace. Descriptors for bambara groundnut vigna subterranea. Bambara groundnut production was mainly in small holdings.
The genetic resources of this crop face a serious threat of genetic erosion. Gamma irradiation, generation cycle, genetic variation, vigna subterranean. Issn 21655308 print issn production and evaluation of. Bambara nut, bambara bean, congo goober, earth pea, groundbean, or hogpeanut is a member of the family fabaceae. It is a third crop among the grain legume crops of the african lowland tropics after the popular groundnut and cowpea. It has a deep taproot surrounded by lateral profuse roots bearing nfixing nodules. The nutlike tuber of such a plant, especially peanuts.
A baseline study was conducted in seven districts in semiarid regions of rural zimbabwe to gather. Effect of bambara groundnut flour vigna subterranea l. Gwekwerere 78 evaluating the potential for bambara groundnut as a food crop in. Physicochemical properties of starches extracted from. Participatory rural appraisal of bambara groundnut vigna. The bambara groundnut is also called the congo groundnut, congo goober, madagascar groundnut, earth pea, baffin pea, njugo bean s. Vara prasad department of agronomy, kansas state university, manhattan, ks 66506, us vijaya gopal kakani department of plant and soil science, oklahoma state university, stillwater, ok 74078, us hari d. Jan 30, 2015 bambara groundnut, also known as vigna subterranea, is a leguminous plant. Nutritive evaluation of the bambara groundnut ci12 landrace.
A weather generator and a crop simulation model of bambara groundnut bamnut were incorporated into a geographical information system gis to predict, for the first time, bambara groundnut production for the world. In fact, seed legumes, especially origin and ecology of bambara groundnut vigna subterranea l. For this, bambara groundnut seeds were soaked in tap water, manually decorticated, sun dried and milled into fine flour. This type of food crop, also known as bambara nuts is predominately cultivated in west africa, it is a type of groundnut and also is one of the common food sources in nigeria as it used in. A plant which bears its nutlike seeds underground, such as a peanut or bambara groundnut. May 06, 2009 bambara groundnuts voandzeia subterranea claim no peanuts as relatives. A baseline study was conducted in seven districts in semiarid regions of rural zimbabwe to gather knowledge on current. They are now widely grown throughout tropical africa, indonesia, malaysia, sri lanka, central and south america and some parts of northern australia, although its cultivation outside the african continent is rare. The nuts were carefully selected, crushed and processed. Agromorphological and phenological variability of 10 bambara. Bambara groundnut is the second most important food legume and the third food crop after maize and groundnut grown by the smallholder farmers in mpumalanga. Bambara groundnut flour was supplemented with wheat flour at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% level. It is an underutilized crop and neglected by research. Physical properties of bambara groundnuts sciencedirect.
The immature seeds are boiled and eaten as an early harvested source of food and the fullymatured seeds are cooked or made into flour. The physical properties of bambara groundnut and other grains and seeds are necessary for the design of equipment to handle, transport, process and store the crop. The mean quality score of the biscuits decreased with the level of the bambara groundnut flour was increased. Bambara groundnut agrifoodgateway horticulture international.
Another indigenous food from west africa, the groundnut does tend to end up cooked in the same way that peanuts are, however. Nodulation, nitrogen yield and fixation by bambara groundnut. When roasted or boiled, even the mature seeds are sweet and pleasant tasting. The plant originated in west africa the bambara people are found in southern mali, guinea, burkina faso and senegal. The requirement for nitrogen fixing, stress tolerant legumes is clear, particularly in low input agriculture. The potential of bambara groundnut vigna subterranea in. These domesticated forms of bambara groundnut were developed from their wild relatives in response to. Characterization of bambara groundnut landraces and their. Evaluation of functional, proximate, microbial and sensory properties of pearl millet bambara ground nut yarsala a traditional deepfried fermented puff pearl millet flour were partially substituted with bambara nut 3050% to form blends which were used to prepare yarsala.
The name of this african groundnut originates from bambara, a district on the upper niger near timbuctoo. The health benefits of bambara groundnut are due to the abundance of some nutrients, which are present in them. Bambara groundnut is a grain legume grown mainly by subsistence farmers in subsaharan africa. Upadhyaya international crop research institute for the semi arid tropics, patancheru 502 324. It is recognized for its high nutritional value, its tolerance to poor soils, drought, salt stress and its ability to produce in.
The nutritional evaluation of the bambara groundnut ci12 landrace. Bg flour from red and blackeye varieties were studied. Variability in dehulling efficiency, colour, chemical composition and selected functional properties of raw and pretreated bambara groundnut vigna subterranea l. Evaluation of functional, proximate, microbial and sensory. The international bambara groundnut network bamnet was founded as a result of an international bambara groundnut workshop, held 1416 november 1995 in harare, zimbabwe. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. Bambara groundnut milk bgnm prepared by hydrating bgn flour from four varieties using the optimal hydration time htime and temperature ht as estimated following a central composite rotatable design, htime 26 h and ht 2535c of bgn flour was investigated for the effect of variety on ph, color and antioxidative activity radical.
The botanical name for groundnut, arachis hypogaea linn. Bambara groundnut vigna subterrenea l verdc is a major source of vegetable protein in subsaharan africa. From the result, the crispness of the biscuits decreased with increase in the level of bambara g nut flour. Greetings nba reply to a greeting used only by men nse reply to a greeting used only by women i ni s. This legume is grown for its underground seeds, which are formed in pods on or just below the ground, much like the similar but distinct peanut. The seeds may be eaten raw when immature, but become too hard when mature. Bambara groundnut vigna subterranea seeds feedipedia.
Groundnut, or peanut, is commonly called the poor mans nut. However, ensuring that existing negative traits are tackled and demand is stimulated through the development of markets and products still represents a. Bambara groundnut vigna subterranea role in tropical africa, where they are part of tradition in l. About 30 % of bambara groundnut farmers plant the crop as sole while 65. Production and characterization of milk produced from. Metagenomics analysis was carried out on extracted dna of rhizospheric soil samples from bambara groundnut.
Department of food science and engineering, ladokeakintola university of technology, ogbomoso, nigeria. Mar 18, 2019 groundnut plural groundnuts a climbing vine, apios americana, of eastern north america, having fragrant brownish flowers and small edible tubers. Proximate and amino acid compositions of raw and roasted bambara groundnut seeds were determined. Bambara groundnut flours of different particle sizes were prepared after bean seeds had been cold. Oct 12, 2011 bambara groundnuts grow mainly in africa. Because it is widely cultivated throughout tropical africa, the bambara district has no preeminent claim to the plant. Bambara groundnut is an african indigenous crop, commonly cultivated in southern africa, with a higher potential for drought tolerance compared to other staple legumes. Panellists accepted the crispness at up to 50% substitution of a mean value of 5.
A functional ingredient to favour the use of an unexploited sustainable protein source. Pdf effects of caffeine on the seed germination of. Evaluation of bambara groundnut vigna subterranea for yield stability and yield related characteristics by dimakatso roselina masindeni thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements for the m. Functional properties were water and oil absorption, gelation, pasting, emulsification and foaming capacity. The optimum temperature for germination of the bambara. The physicochemical properties of starches extracted from three bambara groundnut landraces, maroon, brown, and cream were studied. Pdf main conclusion bambara groundnut has the potential to be used to contribute more the climate change ready. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different caffeine concentrations on seed germination of bambara groundnut.
Improving bambara groundnut productivity using gamma. And the aim of this study was to enhance the nutritional value of wheat bread through the addition of bambara groundnut flour to wheat four. Bambara groundnut, also known as vigna subterranea, is a leguminous plant. Bambara groundnut fao food and agriculture organization. Pdf processing effects on the chemical properties of. Despite its high and balanced protein content, bambara remains underutilised because it takes a long time to cook, contains antinutritional factors and does not dehull easily. However, ensuring that existing negative traits are tackled and demand is stimulated through the development of markets and products still represents a challenge to making greater.
The seeds were presoaked in distilled water for 12 hours and then exposed to the different concentrations of the. Fertiliser usage may be linked to the development of certain diseases. The sheller was fabricated and designed with locally available materials. Of particular importance to africa, the peanut there mostly known as groundnut contributes substantial nutrition to roughly threedozen nations encompassing two. Although occasionally grown in asia and elsewhere, its cultivation is rare outside the african continent. Bambara also spelled bambarra groundnut has many common names, such as congo.
When nitrogen content is high in the soil, bambara ground nut usually produces mostly only a few pods and seeds on the top surface. Despite of the many useful properties of this pulse, it. The distribution of wild bambara groundnut is known to extend from jos plateau and yola in. Bambara flour was higher in protein than wheat flour. Utilization of bambara groundnut vigna subterranea l. However, research on the crop still lags behind that of other. Bambara groundnut fixes atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with. The physical properties of bambara groundnut have been evaluated as a function of grain moisture content varying from 5% to 35% wb.
Its seeds are highly nutritious and we can consider them a complete food. According to a report by bamshaiye et al 2011, bambara groundnut is an herbaceous, intermediate, annual plant, with creeping stems at ground level 36. Oct 28, 2019 groundnut peanut complete business plan donwload uthman saheed october 28, 2019 business plan this is a complete full groundnut peanut business plan that you can download for your proposed business in nigeria or any part of the world. Introduction to bambara, peace corpsmali 3 lesson 2. The possibility of producing a vegetable milk for local use or an extracted protein with functional properties for use in. Other articles where bambara groundnut is discussed. It is always advisable to conduct soil tests and apply fertiliser according to the recommended rates. Jan 05, 2017 in early december 2016, bamyield started harvesting the bambara groundnut vigna subterranea at the cff field research centre. Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen nutrition in symbiotic bambara groundnut vigna subterranea l. The bambara groundnut, which belongs to the family leguminosae fabaceae, is an annual shortcreeping herbaceous plant. Verdcourt landraces using quantitative morphological traits for plant breeding to control these constraints could help to increase the production and the productivity of this crop15. Introduction to bambara, peace corpsmali 5 lesson 3.
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